How Do Solar Cells Work?
We've been hearing the Solar Revolution for a number of years, whose original mantra is - a day will come when we use electricity free of cost. The main source of this electricity is the sun. It has been observed that on a sunny day, the sun radiates 1,000 watts of light energy per square area of the earth surface !! If we can collect all of this energy, we will be able to fully electrify our homes and office courts.
The solar cells that we see in calculators or satellites are photos
Voltaic cells or module (module is a cluster of cells in the same frame
Are connected electronically). Photo means light and Voltaic means
Electrical That is, the photovoltaic cell refers to the photosynthetic cell, which is the light energy
Converts to electrical.
Phagocytic cells are composed of semiconductor material.
Currently, the semiconductor called silicon is used more. Basically, when the light is in this cell
A certain part of this light is absorbed by the semiconductor when it comes. this
The light energy releases the electron from the atoms and so the electrons
Can move freely. One or more of each of the photochemical cells
There are electrons that are free electrons on a particular side
Compelled to move. The flow of these electrons creates electricity.
The current flows out of the metal by adding metallic sheets above and below the cells
Is done.
This is the main process, but the actual events are deeper. Let's look at the actual events more closely with a silicone cell -
Silicon has some special chemical properties. 14 in a silicon atom
There are electrons, which are equipped with 3 different strengths.
The first two layers near the center are filled with the electron. Last
The layer is half-empty, that is, there are 4 electrons. Every silicon
The atom always wants to fill the last layer, that is, 8 electron achievements
Wants to For this purpose, there are four located near each silicon atom
Share the electron with atoms. That is, every atom's side
Forms bonds with atoms. It seems as if each atom with four hands
Holds the other four atoms. Thus the crystal structure is formed, which is
Required for phagocytic cells.
Soon we talked about pure silicon crystals. Pure silicon
Generally, electricity is insulated, because it is free in normal condition
There is no electron. To use this silicon as a solar cell, Silicon
There is a slight change in the pulse.
A solar-cellulose-based or silly silicone is used. Silicon
Prepare the silly silicon by mixing atoms with other atoms
Is. As a result, the effectiveness of this silicone varies. Generally, we are adulterous
Even though it seems unimaginable, in this case, the complete effect of cellulose cells
Controls. Indeed, this is a deliberate desire. Per million
Let's consider the presence of phosphorus atoms in silicon. Phosphorus
There are 5 electrons at the highest level in the atom. Four of these atoms
The electron is bound with four silicon surrounding it, but an electron
It remains free, which is not bound by any bond.
When pure silicon is power (such as energy obtained from heat), then
Some electron bands leave their atoms free from bondage. Each
A hole was created due to electron discontinuation. These electrons are then silicon
Continues to roam through crystals and find the hole in it to read it. this
The electrons are free carriers and they transport electricity. Pure
The number of these electrons in Silicon is so small that they do not have any electrical connection
Can not play an important role. As a result, pure silicon power in one sense
Insulator But the phosphorus associated silicon is different. In this case
Excessive electrons of phosphorus are released in very small amounts -
Because these electrons are not bound in any bondage. The result is pure Silicon
In comparison, Silicon has a lot of carrier for electric transport
Dissociation with the silicon is called dissolving. When phosphorus
When mixed, the so-called silicon is called N-type silicon. In this case
The electron acts as a carrier and its charge is negative, it is called "n" -type
Is. That is, the doping silicon is more than the pure electron
Very good power conveyor.
Actually, a part of the solar cell is N-type. Doping with other parts boron
Which is called P-type silicon. Boron's total power level is 3
There are electrons. As a result, instead of having an additional electron in P-type silicone
Additional holes were created, which act as electrical carriers. Electron
The absence is the hole, so the opposite of charge of the charge of the charge of the charge of the charge of the charge of the hole is called
positive The positive charge of the hole is called "p" -type. Holes also
Just like the electron
Surprising incidents happen only when N-type and P-type silicon are put together
Is. If this two-way silicon is connected then an electric field in the intersection
Is created. A photovoltaic cell without this electrode
Will not work in any way. That is, at least one in each photocelliar cell
It must be in the electric field.
Now let's see what's actually if connecting N-type and P-type silicon
It happens. N-type free electrons find holes in P-type
And fill the holes very quickly. As a result, towards the junction of the N-type
Positive charge and negative charge are created in N-type
The question is, all free electrons fill the holes. No, because
An electric field is formed in the intersection, in which the direction is such that the N-type
From there, the electron works as a barrier to the P-type
A equilibrium occurs when the generated electric field is different from the two sides
Keeps it
The solar cells that we see in calculators or satellites are photos
Voltaic cells or module (module is a cluster of cells in the same frame
Are connected electronically). Photo means light and Voltaic means
Electrical That is, the photovoltaic cell refers to the photosynthetic cell, which is the light energy
Converts to electrical.
Phagocytic cells are composed of semiconductor material.
Currently, the semiconductor called silicon is used more. Basically, when the light is in this cell
A certain part of this light is absorbed by the semiconductor when it comes. this
The light energy releases the electron from the atoms and so the electrons
Can move freely. One or more of each of the photochemical cells
There are electrons that are free electrons on a particular side
Compelled to move. The flow of these electrons creates electricity.
The current flows out of the metal by adding metallic sheets above and below the cells
Is done.
This is the main process, but the actual events are deeper. Let's look at the actual events more closely with a silicone cell -
Silicon has some special chemical properties. 14 in a silicon atom
There are electrons, which are equipped with 3 different strengths.
The first two layers near the center are filled with the electron. Last
The layer is half-empty, that is, there are 4 electrons. Every silicon
The atom always wants to fill the last layer, that is, 8 electron achievements
Wants to For this purpose, there are four located near each silicon atom
Share the electron with atoms. That is, every atom's side
Forms bonds with atoms. It seems as if each atom with four hands
Holds the other four atoms. Thus the crystal structure is formed, which is
Required for phagocytic cells.
Soon we talked about pure silicon crystals. Pure silicon
Generally, electricity is insulated, because it is free in normal condition
There is no electron. To use this silicon as a solar cell, Silicon
There is a slight change in the pulse.
A solar-cellulose-based or silly silicone is used. Silicon
Prepare the silly silicon by mixing atoms with other atoms
Is. As a result, the effectiveness of this silicone varies. Generally, we are adulterous
Even though it seems unimaginable, in this case, the complete effect of cellulose cells
Controls. Indeed, this is a deliberate desire. Per million
Let's consider the presence of phosphorus atoms in silicon. Phosphorus
There are 5 electrons at the highest level in the atom. Four of these atoms
The electron is bound with four silicon surrounding it, but an electron
It remains free, which is not bound by any bond.
When pure silicon is power (such as energy obtained from heat), then
Some electron bands leave their atoms free from bondage. Each
A hole was created due to electron discontinuation. These electrons are then silicon
Continues to roam through crystals and find the hole in it to read it. this
The electrons are free carriers and they transport electricity. Pure
The number of these electrons in Silicon is so small that they do not have any electrical connection
Can not play an important role. As a result, pure silicon power in one sense
Insulator But the phosphorus associated silicon is different. In this case
Excessive electrons of phosphorus are released in very small amounts -
Because these electrons are not bound in any bondage. The result is pure Silicon
In comparison, Silicon has a lot of carrier for electric transport
Dissociation with the silicon is called dissolving. When phosphorus
When mixed, the so-called silicon is called N-type silicon. In this case
The electron acts as a carrier and its charge is negative, it is called "n" -type
Is. That is, the doping silicon is more than the pure electron
Very good power conveyor.
Actually, a part of the solar cell is N-type. Doping with other parts boron
Which is called P-type silicon. Boron's total power level is 3
There are electrons. As a result, instead of having an additional electron in P-type silicone
Additional holes were created, which act as electrical carriers. Electron
The absence is the hole, so the opposite of charge of the charge of the charge of the charge of the charge of the charge of the hole is called
positive The positive charge of the hole is called "p" -type. Holes also
Just like the electron
Surprising incidents happen only when N-type and P-type silicon are put together
Is. If this two-way silicon is connected then an electric field in the intersection
Is created. A photovoltaic cell without this electrode
Will not work in any way. That is, at least one in each photocelliar cell
It must be in the electric field.
Now let's see what's actually if connecting N-type and P-type silicon
It happens. N-type free electrons find holes in P-type
And fill the holes very quickly. As a result, towards the junction of the N-type
Positive charge and negative charge are created in N-type
The question is, all free electrons fill the holes. No, because
An electric field is formed in the intersection, in which the direction is such that the N-type
From there, the electron works as a barrier to the P-type
A equilibrium occurs when the generated electric field is different from the two sides
Keeps it
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